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Programming with JAVA (Classes,Objects & Methods (Visibility control…

Programming with JAVA (Classes,Objects & Methods, Packages: Putting Classes Together, Multithread Programming, Overview of Java Language, Java Evolution, Managing Errors & Exceptions, Constants, Variables, Datatypes, Fundamentals of OOP, Applet Programming, Arrays, Strings & Vectors, Interfaces Multiple Inheritance, Collection, Contributors:, Managing Input/Output, Operators, Exprission, Decision Making & Branching, Decision Making & Looping, operators and expression
operator:java languag has an, Decision making and branching
key factor is :entry controlld loop
:exit controlld loop
while statement:
syntax:initialization
whille(test condition)
{
body of the loop
}
Do statement:
initialization
do
{
body of the loop
}
while(test condition)
for statement
for initionalization : test condition :increment)
{
body of the loop
}
nesting for loops
for(i=1;i<10; ++i)
{
................................
...............................
for(j=1;j<! =5; ++j)
....................................
...................................
inner loop
outer loop
.........................................
.........................................
}
...........................
...........................

labelled loop
loop1: for (....................)
{
..................
.................
}
block statement can be labelled shown below
block1: {
block2: {

                }

                }

, scope of variable
. instance variable
.class variables
.local variables

*instance variable are created when the object are instantiated and therefore they are associated with the objects
nested program blocks
{
int x=0; block1
{
: block2
:
int n=5;
;
;
}
{
:
:
}
}, java operators:
1>arithmatic operator
2>relational operator
3>logical operator
4>assignment operator
5>increment and decrement operator
6>conditionaloperator
7>bitwise operator
8>special operator, , 1>arithmatic operator

```
   addition
```

```
   substraction 
```

```
   multiplication  
```
/ division
% modulus

ex:a*b,a-b,a/b,a%b,a+b;

2>relational operator
< is less then
<= greater then or equal to

  less then 
= less then or equal to
== equal to
!= not equal to

syntax:ae-1 relational operator ae-2
here ae arthmetic expression
3>logical operator:java has three logical operators
&& logical AND
|| logical OR
! logical not
4>assignment operator
syntax: v op=exp;
a = a+1
a = a-1
a = a*(n+1)
a = a/(n+1)
a = a%b

5>increment and decrement operator
++m or m++
--m or m--
++m is equvivalent to m=m+1;
--m is equvivalent to m=m-1;
6>conditionaloperator
syntax:exp1 ? exp2 :exp3
a=10;
b=15;
x =(a>b)? a:b;
7>bitwise operator
& bitwise AND
! bitwise OR
^ bitwise exclusive OR
~ one's complement
<< shift left

      shift right

    shift right with zero

8>special operator
i>instance operator:instance of an object reference operator
and returns true if the object on the left hand side
is object instance of class given on R.H.S
EX:person instanceof student

ii>DOT operator:is used to access the instance variable&method of class objects
person1.age
person1.salary(), , Type conversion in eXpression
1>float to int causes tranction of the fractional part
2>double to float causes ronding of degits
3>long to int causes dropping of the excess higher order bits

casting value:-
syntax=(type_name) expression
x=(int) 7.5 7.5 is converted to integer by trancation
a=(int)21.3/(int)4.5 evaluated as 21/4 and the result would be 5
b = (double) sum/n division is done in floating point mode
y =(int) (a+b) result a+b converted to integer

general type casting:
syntax:
class SampleGenericclass <T>
{
}

mathematical function
syntax:Math.function_name()
ex:sin(x),cos(x),tan(x).......)